%&latex
\subsection{The hypotheses of Fourier, Tyndall, and Arrhenius}
%
\subsubsection{The traditional works}
%
In their research and review papers
the climatologists refer 
to legendary publications
of Svante August Arrhenius 
(Feb.\,19th 1859 - Oct.\,2nd 1927),
a Nobel Prize winner for chemistry.
Arrhenius published one of the earliest, 
extremely simple calculations in 1896, 
which were immediately - and correctly - 
doubted and have been forgotten for many decades\TschSpace%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{Arrhenius1896,Arrhenius1901,Arrhenius1906}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
It is a paper about the influence of carbonic acid 
in the air on the Earth's ground temperature.
In this quite long paper, Arrhenius put 
the hypothesis up for discussion, 
that the occurrences of warm and ice ages 
are supposed to be explainable by certain 
gases in the atmosphere, which absorb 
thermal radiation. 

In this context 
Arrhenius cited a 1824 publication by Fourier%
%
\footnote{There is a misprint in Arrhenius'
          work. The year of publication of
          Fourier's paper is 1824, not 1827
          as stated in many current papers,
          whose authors apparently did not
          read the original work of Fourier.
          It is questionable whether Arrhenius
          read the original paper.}
%
entitled 
\lq \lq 
M\'emoire sur les temp\'eratures 
du globe terrestre et des espaces plan\'etaires\rq\rq\TschSpace%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{Fourier1824a,Fourier1824b}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%

Arrhenius states incorrectly
that Fourier was the first,   
who claimed that 
the atmosphere works like a glass 
of a greenhouse 
as it lets the rays of the Sun through but keeps 
the so-called dark heat from the ground inside.

The English translation of the
relevant passage (p.\ 585) reads: 
%
\begin{quote}
We owe to the celebrated voyager M.\ de Saussure 
an experiment which appears very important 
in illuminating this question. It consists 
of exposing to the rays of the Sun a vase 
covered by one or more layers of well 
transparent glass, spaced at a certain distance. 
The interior of the vase is lined with 
a thick envelope of blackened cork, 
to receive and conserve heat. 
The heated air is sealed in all parts, 
either in the box or in each interval 
between plates. Thermometers placed 
in the vase and the intervals mark 
the degree of heat acquired in each place. 
This instrument has been exposed to the Sun 
near midday, and one saw, in diverse experiments, 
the thermometer of the vase reach 
70, 80, 100, 110 degrees and beyond 
(octogesimal division). Thermometers 
placed in the intervals acquired 
a lesser degree of heat, and which 
decreased from the depth of the box 
towards the outside.
\end{quote} 
%
Arrhenius work was also preceded by the
work of Tyndall who discovered that 
some gases absorb infrared radiation. 
He also suggested that changes 
in the concentration 
of the gases could bring climate change\TschSpace%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{Tyndall1861,Tyndall1863a,Tyndall1863b,Tyndall1873a,Tyndall1873b}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
A faksimile of the front pages of
Fourier's and Arrhenius often cited
but apparently not really known papers
are shown in
Figure \ref{fig:Fourier1824}
and in 
Figure \ref{fig:Arrhenius1896},
respectively.
%
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage}{}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{%
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\centerline{\psfig{file=PictureLarge_Fourier1824_.eps,width=3.00in}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{The front page of Fourier's 1824 
         paper.}
\label{fig:Fourier1824}
\end{figure}
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{%
\ \vfill
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureSmall_Fourier1824_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{The front page of Fourier's 1824 
         paper.}
\label{fig:Fourier1824}
\end{figure}
\ \vfill
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{%
\ \vfill
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureLarge_Fourier1824_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{The front page of Fourier's 1824 
         paper.}
\label{fig:Fourier1824}
\end{figure}
\ \vfill
}{}
%
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage}{}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{%
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\centerline{\psfig{file=PictureLarge_Arrhenius1896_.eps,width=3.00in}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{The front page of Arrhenius' 1896 
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1896}
\end{figure}
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{%
\ \vfill
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureSmall_Arrhenius1896_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{The front page of Arrhenius' 1896 
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1896}
\end{figure}
\ \vfill
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{%
\ \vfill
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureLarge_Arrhenius1896_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{The front page of Arrhenius' 1896 
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1896}
\end{figure}
\ \vfill
}{}
%
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage\noindent}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage\noindent}{}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
In which fantastic way Arrhenius uses 
Stefan-Boltzmann's law to calculate 
this \lq\lq effect\rq\rq, 
can be seen better in another 
publication, in which he defends 
his ice age-hypothesis\TschSpace%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{Arrhenius1906}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
see Figure~\ref{fig:Arrhenius1906a}.
%
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{%
\centerline{\psfig{file=PictureLarge_Arrhenius1906a_.eps,width=4.00in}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{Excerpt (a) of Arrhenius' 1906
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1906a}
\end{figure}
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{%
\ \vfill
\vspace*{16pt}
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureSmall_Arrhenius1906a_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{Excerpt (a) of Arrhenius' 1906
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1906a}
\end{figure}
\ \vfill
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{%
\ \vfill
\vspace*{16pt}
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureLarge_Arrhenius1906a_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{Excerpt (a) of Arrhenius' 1906
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1906a}
\end{figure}
\ \vfill
}{}
%
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage\noindent}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage\noindent}{}%
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
First, Arrhenius estimates that $18.7\,\%$ 
of the Earth's infrared radiation would not 
be emitted into space because of its absorption 
by carbonic acid. 
This could be taken into account by reducing 
the Earth's effective radiation temperature 
$T_{\mbox{{\scriptsize\rm eff}}}$ 
to a reduced temperature
$T_{\mbox{{\scriptsize\rm reduced}}}$.
Arrhenius assumed
%
\begin{equation}
T_{\mbox{{\scriptsize\rm eff}}}
=
15\, ^\circ{\rm C} 
= 
288\,{\rm K}
\end{equation}
%
and, assuming the validity of the 
Stefan-Boltzmann law, made the ansatz
%
\begin{equation}
\frac{\sigma\cdot T_{\mbox{{\scriptsize\rm reduced}}}^4}
     {\sigma\cdot T_{\mbox{{\scriptsize\rm eff}}}^4}
=
\frac{(1-0.187)\cdot I_0}{I_0}
\end{equation}
%
yielding
%
\begin{equation}
T_{\mbox{{\scriptsize\rm reduced}}}
=
T_{\mbox{{\scriptsize\rm eff}}}
\cdot
\sqrt[4]{1-0.187} 
\end{equation}
%
and
%
\begin{equation}
T_{\mbox{\scriptsize\rm reduced}}
=
\sqrt[4]{0.813} \cdot 288 = 273.47
\end{equation}
%
which corresponds to a lowering 
of the Earth's temperature of 
$ 14.5\, ^\circ{\rm C}$. 

As one would probably not think 
that such an absurd claim is possible, 
a scan of this passage is displayed in 
Figures
\ref{fig:Arrhenius1906b}
and
\ref{fig:Arrhenius1906c}. 
%
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{%
\centerline{\psfig{file=PictureLarge_Arrhenius1906b_.eps,width=3.00in}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{Excerpt (b) of Arrhenius' 1906
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1906b}
\end{figure}
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{%
\vspace*{16pt}
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureSmall_Arrhenius1906b_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{Excerpt (b) of Arrhenius' 1906
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1906b}
\end{figure}
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{%
\vspace*{16pt}
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureLarge_Arrhenius1906b_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{Excerpt (b) of Arrhenius' 1906
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1906b}
\end{figure}
}{}
%
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage\noindent}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{\newpage\noindent}{}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}{%
\centerline{\psfig{file=PictureLarge_Arrhenius1906c_.eps,width=3.00in}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{Excerpt (c) of Arrhenius' 1906
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1906c}
\end{figure}
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}{%
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureSmall_Arrhenius1906c_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{Excerpt (c) of Arrhenius' 1906
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1906c}
\end{figure}
}{}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}{%
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=1.00]{PictureLarge_Arrhenius1906c_.png}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{Excerpt (c) of Arrhenius' 1906
         paper.}
\label{fig:Arrhenius1906c}
\end{figure}
}{}
%

The English translation reads:
%
\begin{quote}
\lq\lq
This statement could lead to the impression, 
that I had claimed that a reduction 
of the concentration of carbonic acid 
in the atmosphere of
% 
$20\,\%$
% 
would be sufficient to cause ice-age temperatures, 
i.e.\ to lower the Europe's average temperature 
about four to five degrees
% 
${\rm C}$.
% 
To keep such an idea from spreading, 
I would like to point out that 
according to the old calculation a reduction 
of carbonic acid of
% 
$50\,\%$
% 
would cause the temperature to fall for 
%
$4$ (1897)
%
or, respectively, 
%
$3.2$ (1901)
% 
degrees.
\textbf{
The opinion that a decrease of carbonic acid 
in the air can explain ice-age temperatures 
is not proved wrong until it is shown, 
that the total disappearance of carbonic 
acid from the atmosphere would not be sufficient 
to cause a lowering of temperatures 
about four to five degrees.}
It is now easy to estimate 
how low the temperature would fall, 
if the Earth's radiation rose in the ratio of
% 
$1$ to $0.775$,
% 
i.e.\ for
% 
$29\,\%$,
% 
which matches the data of 
Messrs.\ Rubens and Ladenburg. 
An increase of emissions of 
$1\,\%$
would be equivalent 
to a decrease of temperatures of 
$0.72\, ^\circ{\rm C}$, 
as the average absolute temperature 
of the Earth is taken to be 
$15\, ^\circ{\rm C} = 288 ^\circ{\rm C}$.
Therefore, one could estimate 
a lowering of the temperatures 
about $20,9\, ^\circ{\rm C}$ 
as a result of the disappearance 
of carbonic acid from the atmosphere. 
A more exact calculation, which takes 
into account the small amount of radiation 
of the carbonic acid and of which I have 
given details in my paper of 1901, 
leads to slightly lower numbers. 
According to this calculation,
% 
$3.8\,\%$
% 
out of the
% 
$22.5\,\%$
% 
of terrestrial radiation, 
which are being absorbed by the carbonic acid 
in the atmosphere at its current state, 
are emitted into space by the carbonic acid, 
so the real decrease of terrestrial radiation 
would be
% 
$18.7\,\%$.
%  
After the disappearance 
of the carbonic acid, instead of the current 
temperature of
% 
$15\, ^\circ{\rm C} = 288\,{\rm K}$,
% 
there would be an absolute temperature 
$T$, which is:
%
\begin{equation}
T^4 : 288^4 = (1-0,187) : 1
\end{equation}
%
being 
%
\begin{equation}
T = 273,4\,{\rm K} = 0,4\, ^\circ{\rm C}.
\end{equation}
%
The current amount of carbonic acid 
would therefore raise the temperature 
of the Earth's surface for
% 
$14,6\, ^\circ{\rm C}$
%
its disappearance from the atmosphere 
would result in a lowering of temperatures 
about three times as strong as the one, 
which caused the ice ages. 
I calculate in a similar way, 
that a decrease in the concentration 
of carbonic acid by half or a doubling 
would be equivalent to changes 
of temperature of
% 
$- 1,5\, ^\circ{\rm C}$
%
or
% 
$+ 1,6\, ^\circ{\rm C}$
% 
respectively.%
\rq\rq
\end{quote}
%
It is an interesting point that there is an
\textbf{inversion of the burden of proof}
in Arrhenius' paper, which is typeset in 
boldface here, because it winds its way as a red thread
through almost all contemporary papers 
on the influence of ${\rm CO}_2$ of 
the so-called global climate.

\subsubsection{Modern works of climatology}
\label{Sec:ModernWorks}
%
Callendar\TschSpace%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
\cite{%
Callendar1938,%
Callendar1939,%
Callendar1940,%
Callendar1941,%
Callendar1949,%
Callendar1958,%
Callendar1961%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
% 
and Keeling\TschSpace%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
\cite{%
Keeling1960,%
Keeling1973,%
Keeling1976,%
Keeling1978,%
Keeling1989,%
Keeling1996,%
Keeling1998%
}%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %
, 
the founders of the modern 
greenhouse hypothesis, 
recycled Arrhenius' 
\lq\lq 
discussion of yesterday and 
the day before yesterday\rq\rq%
%
\footnote{a phrase used by von\,Storch in
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}
           {Ref.~\refcite{Stockholm2006}}
           {}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}
           {Ref.~\cite{Stockholm2006}}
           {} 
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}
           {Ref.~\cite{Stockholm2006}}
           {} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%          
%
}
%
by perpetuating the errors of the past 
and adding lots of new ones.

In the 70s and 80s two developments coincided:
A accelerating progress in computer technology and
an emergence of two contrary policy preferences,
one supporting the development of 
civil nuclear technology, the other 
supporting Green political movements.
Suddenly the ${\rm CO}_2$ issue became
on-topic, and so did computer simulations
of the climate. The research results have 
been vague ever since: 
%
\begin{itemize}
\item 
In the 70s, computer simulations of the 
\lq\lq global climate\rq\rq\ predicted 
for a doubling of the ${\rm CO}_2$ concentration
a global temperature rise of about 
0.7\,-9.6\,K\TschSpace%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{Schneider1975}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\item 
Later, computer simulations pointed towards
a null effect%
%
\footnote{%
G.G.\ is indebted to the late science journalist 
Holger Heuseler for this valuable information\TschSpace%
% 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{Heuseler1996}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
}:
%
\begin{itemize}
\item
In the IPCC 1992 report,
computer simulations of the 
\lq\lq global climate\rq\rq\ predicted 
a global temperature rise of about 
0.27\,-\,0.82\,K per decade\TschSpace%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{IPCC1992}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\item 
In the IPCC 1995 report,
computer simulations of the 
\lq\lq global climate\rq\rq\ predicted 
a global temperature rise of about 
0.08\,-0.33\,K per decade\TschSpace%   
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{IPCC1996}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{itemize}
%
\item 
Two years ago (2005), computer simulations of the 
\lq\lq global climate\rq\rq\ predicted 
for a doubling of the ${\rm CO}_2$ concentration
a global temperature rise of about 
2\,-\,12\,K,
whereby six so-called scenarios have been
omitted that yield a \textit{global cooling}\TschSpace%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{Stainforth2005}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{itemize}
%
The state of the art in climate modeling 1995 
is described in 
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\ifthenelse{\equal{IJMPB}{\TschStyle}}
           {Ref.~\refcite{Cubasch1995}}
           {}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{arXiv}{\TschStyle}}
           {Ref.~\cite{Cubasch1995}}
           {}% 
\ifthenelse{\equal{TeX4ht}{\TschStyle}}
           {Ref.~\cite{Cubasch1995}}
           {} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%          
%
in detail.
Today every home server is larger than 
a mainframe at that time and
every amateur can test and modify
the vintage code\TschSpace% 
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{McGuffie2006}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
Of course, 
there exist no realistic solvable equations
for the weather parameters.
Meanwhile, 
\lq\lq computer models\rq\rq\
have been developed which run 
on almost every PC\TschSpace%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{McGuffie2006,Stainforth2005}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
or even in the internet% %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\cite{BBC2007}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%

To derive a climate catastrophe from
these computer games and scare mankind to death
is a crime.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
