Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 205–206, 2013 www.pattern-recogn-phys.net/1/205/2013/ doi:10.5194/prp-1-205-2013 © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Pattern Recognition in Physics Open Access General conclusions regarding the planetary–solar–terrestrial interaction N.-A. Mörner1 , R. Tattersall2 , J.-E. Solheim3 , I. Charvatova4 , N. Scafetta5 , H. Jelbring6 , I. R. Wilson7 , R. Salvador8 , R. C. Willson9 , P. Hejda10 , W. Soon11 , V. M. Velasco Herrera12 , O. Humlum13 , D. Archibald14 , H. Yndestad15 , D. Easterbrook16 , J. Casey17 , G. Gregori18 , and G. Henriksson19 Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics, Stockholm, Sweden 2 Tallbloke, Leeds, UK 3 Department of Physics & Technology, Tromsø, Norway 4 Geophysical Institute, AS CR, Praha, Czech Republic 5 Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 6 Tellus, Stockholm, Sweden 7 Gunnedah, Australia 8 Vancouver, Canada 9 ACRIM, Coronado, CA, USA 10 Institute of Geophysics of the ASCR, Praha, Czech Republic 11 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA 12 Geophysics UNAM, Cambridge, MA, Mexico 13 Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway 14 Summa Development Ltd, Perth, Australia 15 Aalesund University, Aalesund, Norway 16 Department of Geology, Bellingham, WA, USA 17 Space Sci. Res. Co. (SSRC), Orlando, FL, USA 18 Instituto di Acustica e Sensoristica (CNR), Rome, Italy 19 Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden Correspondence to: N.-A. Mörner (morner@pog.nu) Abstract. In a collection of research papers devoted to the problem of solar variability and its origin in plan1 etary beat, it is demonstrated that the forcing function originates from gravitational and inertial effects on the Sun from the planets and their satellites. This conclusion is shared by nineteen co-authors. 1 Introduction The Sun is in the centre of our solar–planetary system but it has to constantly adjust its position with respect to the centre of mass in response to the planetary motions. This is because our solar–planetary system acts as a multi-body system of mutual interaction and transfer of gravity and momentum impulses. The solar activity – i.e. the emission of heat, electromagnetic waves and particles – is known to change with time in a cyclic manner ranging from days and years to decades, centuries and millennia. The most commonly known cycle Published by Copernicus Publications. is the 11 yr cycle, which also forms a higher rank variability between “grand maxima and grand minima”. During the last three grand minima (the Spörer, Maunder and Dalton Minima), the Earth experienced “Little Ice Age” conditions. Today, we seem to be at the end of a grand maximum. Cosmogenic radionuclides (14 C and 10 Be) may record the solar variability back in time for 9500 yr or more. These records contain a number of characteristic cycles. There are, however, also additional internal sources for the production of these radionuclides to consider. The planetary beat in gravity and momentum on the Sun from the celestial bodies circulating around the Sun can The planetary beat in gravity and momentum on the Sun from the celestial bodies circulating around the Sun can be estimated, even calculated, and broken down into cyclic beats. Several of the papers in this volume have addressed this and presentedal.: General conclusions 206 N.-A. Mörner et new material. Figure 1. Illustration of the planetary–solar–terrestrial interaction here proposed. Figure 1. Illustration of the Planetary–Solar–Terrestrial interaction here proposed. References 2. Conclusions be estimated, even calculated, and broken down into cyclic beats. Several of the papers in this volume have addressed The presented new material. this and following conclusion and implications are 2 formulated be included in special issue no. 1 of PRP. All papers to and agreed upon. Charvatova, I. and Hejda, P.: Responses of the basic cycle of 178.7 Conclusion 1. Conclusions and 2402 yr in solar-terrestrial phenomena during Holocene, PatThe solar activity varies with a number of characteristic Phys., incycles. There are no solar tern Recogn. time press, 2013. The following conclusion and implications are formulated Jelbring, sustained by internal processes. We theories able to explain this variability as driven andH.: Energy transfer in the solar system, Pattern Recogn. and agreed upon. Phys., 1, 165–176, doi:10.5194/prp-1-165-2013, 2013. present (in papers after papers) a spectrum of ideas, estimates, observations and calculations Jelbring, H.: Celestial commensurabilities: some special cases, Patto demonstrate that the driving factor of solar variability must emerge from gravitational and tern Recogn. Phys., 1, 143–146, doi:10.5194/prp-1-143-2013, Conclusion 1 2013. inertial effects on the Sun from the planets and their satellites (Figure 1; References). Mörner, N.-A.: Planetary beat and solar–terrestrial responses, PatThe solar activity varies with a number of characteristic time tern Recogn. Phys., 1, 107–116, doi:10.5194/prp-1-107-2013, cycles. There are no solar theories able to explain this variImplication 1. 2013. ability as driven and sustained by internal processes. We Salvador, R. this mathematical model of the sunspot We (in paper after paper) a spectrum of ideas, estimates, presented in J.: A volume, we have lifted “thecyhope that, by the arguments and facts present cle for the past 1000 yr, Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, planetary hypothesis” to the level of a “planetary theory”, and we even foresee that it will 117–122, lead observations and calculations to demonstrate that the driving doi:10.5194/prp-1-117-2013, 2013. factora new paradigm on emerge from gravitational and to of solar variability must the Planetary-Solar-Terrestrial interaction (Figure 1). synchronization structure of Scafetta, N.: The complex planetary inertial effects onwell aware the planets and that satellites much more to learn and improve, press, 2013.trust the solar system, Pattern Recogn. Phys., in but we We are the Sun from of the fact their there is (Fig. 1; References). Scafetta, N. and Willson, R. C.: Multiscale comparative spectral analysis of satellite total solar irradiance measurements from 2003 to 2013 reveals a planetary modulation of solar activity Implication 1 and its nonlinear dependence on the 11 yr solar cycle, Pattern Implication 2. st Recogn. Phys., 1, 123–133, doi:10.5194/prp-1-123-2013, 2013. We hope thatpapers arguments and facts presented in this about the evolution of climate during the 21 Several by the have addressed the question Solheim, J.-E.: Signals from the planets, via the Sun to the Earth, volume we have lifted “the planetary hypothesis” to theinto a new grand solar minimum. This sheds serious century. Obviously, we are on our way level Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 177–184, doi:10.5194/prp-1-177-2013, of a “planetary theory”, and we even foresee that it will lead 2013. doubts on theon planetary–solar–terrestrial interaction issue of a continued, even accelerated, warming as claimed by the IPCC project. to a new paradigm Solheim, J.-E.: The sunspot cycle length – modulated by planets?, (Fig. 1). Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 159–164, doi:10.5194/prp-1-159-2013, We are well aware of the fact that there is much more to 2013. Tattersall, R.: The Hum: log-normal distribution and planetary– learn and improve, but we trust the theory is here to stay. References solar Recogn. Phys., 1, 185–198, All papers to be included in Special Issue No. 1 of PRP. resonance, Pattern 2013. doi:10.5194/prp-1-185-2013, Implication 2 Tattersall, R.: Apparent relations between planetary spin, orbit, and Charvatova, I.addressed theP.: Responses of the basic solar differential rotation, Pattern Recogn.years 1, 199–202, & Hejda, question about the evolucycle of 178.7 years and 2402 Phys., in Several papers have doi:10.5194/prp-1-199-2013, 2013. solar-terrestrial century. Obviously, we Holocene, PRP, R. G.: press. 1, in The Venus–Earth–Jupiter spin–orbit coupling tion of climate during the 21st phenomena duringare on Wilson, I. our way into a H.: Energy transfer inThis sheds serious Jelbring, new grand solar minimum. the Solar System, PRP, 1, 165-176, 2013. 1, 147–158, doi:10.5194/prp-1model, Pattern Recogn. Phys., doubts on the issueCelestial commensurabilities: some special cases, PRP, 1, 143-146, 2013. 147-2013, 2013. Jelbring, H.: of a continued, even accelerated, warm- the theory is here to stay. ing as claimed by the IPCC project. Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 205–206, 2013 www.pattern-recogn-phys.net/1/205/2013/